The previous Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, enumerated five distinct times for Teshuva—each to rectify another aspect of the individual:[1]
The month of Elul: The person rectifies the garments of the soul—thought, speech and action.
The days of Selichot: These days focus on mending one’s emotions.
Rosh HaShana: One corrects their intellect.
Between Rosh HaShana and Yom Kippur: The focus is on remedying one’s will.
Yom Kippur: One corrects the innermost aspect of pleasure.
[1] Igros Kodesh, Previous Rebbe, Vol. 3. Pg. 483
