By Rabbi Chaim Hillel Raskin
Do I have to wash negel vasser after being up all night?
- There are three reasons given for why we wash negel vasser in the morning: (1) Cleanliness: In preparation for davening since one may have touched a covered area of the body.1 (2) Sanctity: To prepare to serve Hashem by sanctifying the hands like thekohanim in the Beis Hamikdash.2 (3) Purity: To remove the ruach hatumah (spirit of impurity) which rests upon a person during sleep at night and remains on the hands upon awakening.3
- There are several practical differences between these explanations: (a) If washing is for cleanliness, one would wash hands with a bracha before all tefilos. (b) Cleanliness is accomplished with regular washing, sanctity requires one pour on each hand from a vessel,4 and removing ruach hatumah requires three times on each hand alternately.5 (c) Ruach hatumah also bars a person from learning Torah before washing. 6
- If a person remains awake all night, it is a machlokes if he is susceptible to ruach hatumah. Some say that it is caused by sleeping, while others say that it sets in regardless at the end of night.7 (For this reason one who rises before sunrise should wash again after sunrise without a bracha.)
- There is a general dispute concerning birkos hashachar whether they were instituted as brachos over actions, in which case one who does not perform the specific action (e.g. wear a hat) does not recite that bracha, or if are they are general praise for Hashem instituted to recite each morning regardless. Our practice follows the second opinion.8 Some argue that likewise al netilas yodoyimfor sanctity is a daily bracha even for someone who didn’t wash his hands.9
- Practically, one should wash even if he is only obligated according to one reason, but he does not make a bracha unless he is obligated by all three (since safek brachos l’hakel, when in doubt concerning a bracha we refrain). Hence, if a person remains awake all night, he should wash hands in the morning without a bracha.10Likewise one should wash hands before mincha and mariv as well.11
- Additionally, one who remains awake all night, and uses the bathroom after sunrise would recite a blessing, as several strong quashing requirements combine;12 the obligation to wash for cleanliness, and a possible obligation for sanctity and purity. This is sufficient reason to recite al netilas yodoyim.13
Reprinted with permission from Lmaan Yishmeu – a project of Merkaz Anash. To see more articles visit Merkazanash.com
- רא”ש ברכות פ”ט סי’ כ”ג שו”ע רבנו מהדו”ב או”ח סי’ ד’ ס”א.
2 . שו”ת רשב”א ח”א סי’ קצ”א שו”ע רבנו מהדו”ק או”ח סי’ ד’ ס”א.
- זוהר פרשת וישב קפ”ד ע”ב שו”ע רבנו מהדו”ב או”ח סי’ ד’ ס”א.
- מסקנת רבינו בפסקי הסידור, אך ראה שו”ע מהדו”ק סי’ ד’ ס”ב.
- פסקי הסידור סדר נטילה.
- שו”ע רבנו מהדו”ב סי’ א’ ס”ז.
- שוע”ר מהדו”ק סי’ ד’ סי”ד.
- שוע”ר סימן מ”ו ס”ז.
- ב”י סי’ ד’ ד”ה ומשמע שאם. וראה ט”ז סי’ ד’ סק”ט.
- שוע”ר מהדו”ק סי’ ד’ סי”ג, סימן תצ”ד ס”ג ,פסקי הסידור – סדר נטילה ד”ה אם ניעור.
- אבל לא צריך כלי, כח נותן, ולא מים כשרים לנטילה זו – פסקי הסידור.
- ראה הגהות הגרעק”א סי’ ד’ סק”ו.
- כך הורה רבינו ביחידות – היכל מנחם ח”ב ע’ רי”ג. וראה הגהות הגרעק”א שם, דעת הגרש”ז אויערבאך באשי ישראל פ”ב אות ל’ ובאריכות בהערה צ”ט שם. אך באג”ק ח”ג ע’ ד’ הוראה בחשאי לברך (בלי שום תנאים, וראה מה שחקר בספר שולחן הזהב עמ’ 195 בזה). ובביאור ההוראה ובמנהג חסידים ראה ספר שערי תפילה ומנהג לגרמ”ש אשכנזי ע”ה סי’ ד’